Abstract
Increased urbanization and industries has led to the production, accumulation and incorporation of contaminant into the ecosystems, distorting and impacting, plant, human and animal health. Several physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from soil and water bodies. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been widely used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which is a versatile enzyme which catalyse oxidation reaction coupled to four- electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccases 1, 4-benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase, are also called as “Blue Enzyme” as they are multinuclear copper containing enzymes. Laccase belongs to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)—a group of enzymes comprising many proteins with different substrate specificities and diverse biological functions. are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals. Cypermethrin is an organophosphorus pesticide, belonging to a group of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides which are analogous of naturally occurring pyrethrins of botanical origin. It is widely used in agriculture, forestry, Horticulture, public health, and households for the protection of textiles and to check pest infestation. The present investigation is therefore carried out to study the potential of bacterial laccase in the biodegradation of Cypermethrin.
Keywords: Laccase; Bacteria; Bioremediation; Cypermethrin
Introduction
Laccase belongs to the enzyme family of multi- copper oxidases (MCOs), are classified as benzenediol oxygen reductases and are also known as Uracil oxidases and p-diphenol oxidases. The term ‘Laccase’ stems from its original identification in the exudates of the Japanese lacquer tree Rhusver nicifera described by Yoshida (1883). Just over a century later, it was characterized as being a metal-containing oxidase depicted by Bertrand (1985). Laccase can catalyse the oxidation of various organic and inorganic compounds including diphenols, polyphenols, diamines, substituted phenols, and aromatic amines with reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccase also oxidizes other substrates such as aromatic amines, syringaldazine, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonate) and 1hydroxybenzotriazole, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidineoxy (TEMPO), violuric acid to form free radicals (Zille et al., 2003).
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