Smoking May Not Increase Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressures

 

Abstract

Background: We tried to understand whether there are some effects of smoking on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP).

Method: Consecutive daily smokers at least with six pack months and age and sex-matched non-smokers were taken into the study. Cases with regular alcohol consumption (one drink a day) for at least six months and patients with inflammatory, infectious, or devastating disorders or heart failure were excluded.

Results: The study included 247 smokers (173 males) and 167 non-smokers. Mean age of the smokers was 46.2 years, and 70.0% of them were males. Although the plasma triglycerides (163.1 versus 151.3 mg/dL, p<0.05), low density lipoproteins (LDL) (123.8 versus 117.5 mg/dL, p<0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (10.6 versus 9.3 mm/h, p<0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.3 versus 2.0 mg/L, p<0.05) values were all higher in the smokers, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic BP were not changed in them. On the other hand, high density lipoproteins (HDL) (40.9 versus 44.0 mg/dL, p<0.05) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (102.3 versus 111.6 mg/dL, p= 0.007) values and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (8.9% versus 14.3%, p<0.05) were all lower in the smokers.

Conclusion: Smoking causes a low-grade systemic inflammation on vascular endothelium terminating with an accelerated atherosclerosis-induced end-organ insufficiencies all over the body. Although the plasma triglycerides, LDL, ESR, and CRP were increased, and HDL, FPG, and DM were decreased in the smokers, the body weight, BMI, and systolic and diastolic BP were not changed in them, significantly.

Keywords: Smoking; Systolic Blood Pressure; Diastolic Blood Pressure; Triglycerides; Low Density Lipoproteins; High Density Lipoproteins; Fasting Plasma Glucose

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A Control Study of Apamargakshara in the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Introduction

In Ayurvedic classics Mutraghata is the symptoms of low urinary output either by retention, absolute or relative anuria or oliguria Mutraghata and it is predominantly due to the Vata Dosha [1]. The Vata Dosha is responsible to expel the urine output timely as well as uniformly. If Vata gets vitiated, it causes various diseases in relation with Basti & produces Mutrarogas such as Prameha, Ashmari, Mutraghata, Mutrakruchcha. In Ayuraveda the Vatashtheela is a type of Mutraghata which may have some similarity with BPH based on symptoms such as Achala Unnata Granthi (singly movable & elevated), Vinmutranilasanga (retention of urine, faeces & flatus), Bastiadhmana and Vedanachaparabastou (excruciating pain in the bladder) [2]. BPH is the most common benign tumor in male patients, and its incidence is age related. Risk factor for the development of the BPH are not clearly understood. Some studies have suggested genetic predisposition, and some noted racial differences [3]. BPH is a senile disorder and chiefly affects individuals above the age of 50 years. The symptoms are those of BOO i.e. increased maturation frequency, dribbling, hesitancy, and the features of chronic urinary retention. In Ayuraveda Mutraghata was treated with Bhaishajya Chikitsa. Acharya Sushruta told general line of management of all type of Mutraghata with the use of Kashaya, Kalka, Avaleha, Kshar, Madhya, Aasava, Swedana Basti and Uttarbasti [4] so, it was decided to use Kshar in current study Apamargakshara is described in various diseases and used in indigenous medicine for treatment of diseases like Udararog, Mutrakruccha, Amadosa, Kaphavatavikar, Amavata, and some other complaints. According to Bhaishajyaratnavali, Apamargakshara is superior and best than other Kshara (alkali) as well as it can be used as a Lekhankarma, and it has diuretic property [5]. Apamargakshara is Katurasatmak in taste and Katu vipak, UshnaVirya, Vata, Kaphaghna in properties.

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Bioremediation of Cypermethrin by Laccase Producing Bacteria

 

Abstract

Increased urbanization and industries has led to the production, accumulation and incorporation of contaminant into the ecosystems, distorting and impacting, plant, human and animal health. Several physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from soil and water bodies. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been widely used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which is a versatile enzyme which catalyse oxidation reaction coupled to four- electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccases 1, 4-benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase, are also called as “Blue Enzyme” as they are multinuclear copper containing enzymes. Laccase belongs to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)—a group of enzymes comprising many proteins with different substrate specificities and diverse biological functions. are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals. Cypermethrin is an organophosphorus pesticide, belonging to a group of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides which are analogous of naturally occurring pyrethrins of botanical origin. It is widely used in agriculture, forestry, Horticulture, public health, and households for the protection of textiles and to check pest infestation. The present investigation is therefore carried out to study the potential of bacterial laccase in the biodegradation of Cypermethrin.

Keywords: Laccase; Bacteria; Bioremediation; Cypermethrin

Introduction

Laccase belongs to the enzyme family of multi- copper oxidases (MCOs), are classified as benzenediol oxygen reductases and are also known as Uracil oxidases and p-diphenol oxidases. The term ‘Laccase’ stems from its original identification in the exudates of the Japanese lacquer tree Rhusver nicifera described by Yoshida (1883). Just over a century later, it was characterized as being a metal-containing oxidase depicted by Bertrand (1985). Laccase can catalyse the oxidation of various organic and inorganic compounds including diphenols, polyphenols, diamines, substituted phenols, and aromatic amines with reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Laccase also oxidizes other substrates such as aromatic amines, syringaldazine, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonate) and 1hydroxybenzotriazole, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidineoxy (TEMPO), violuric acid to form free radicals (Zille et al., 2003).

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Multi-Modal Paths in Rural Appalachia to Improve Local Transportation Opportunities: a Case Study

 

Abstract

Transportation is a public health problem in the rural Appalachian region of the United States. Furthermore, access to outdoor physical activity facilities and transportation to schools is limited and difficult to establish. This case study aims to highlight assets and problems sur-rounding transportation in rural Appalachia and how advocacy for multi-modal lanes can be beneficial to address the important need to improve transportation. Improving multi-modal forms of transportation can provide many benefits within a community and can positively impact different populations. If we improve transportation, all health outcomes change. Additionally, new growth by way of multi-modal transportation creates demand for new housing, business, and community. Harmony Lanes is a local non-profit in rural Northwestern North Carolina formed to fulfill a mission: “Create safe, inclusive multi-modal infrastructure.” Their purpose is to identify what worked in the past so that we (and others) can aim to replicate those steps in order to be successful. This case study examines the timeline and actions taken to organize people, the community, and leaders to make a small change in transportation to improve rural mobility in the Appalachians.

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The Anti-Asian American Pacific Islander Bias Survey: Anti- Asian Bias Spectrum from Microaggressions to Violence

 

Abstract

Background: Anti-Asian bias is not a new phenomenon. The murders of eight victims at spas in Georgia with six of the victims being Asian women has caused a new generation to speak up about the discrimination that is directed toward those who identify as Asian American Pacific Islanders (AAPI).

Objectives: The brief Anti-Asian American Pacific Islander Bias Survey (AAAPIBS) was developed to view how discrimination shows up from microaggressions to violence on the spectrum of Anti-Asian bias.

Methodology: A convenience sample of occupational therapy practitioners and Asian American women in academia in the U.S. were given the survey.

Results: Anti-Asian discrimination occurs on a spectrum which has two major themes: Perpetual Foreigner and Model Minority. One new item emerged which was cultural appropriation from AAPI practices which are sources of cultural strengths and support, e.g. Mindfulness.

Implications: Anti-AAPI bias hinders the complete participation of AAPI Peoples in our society.

Keywords: Cultural appropriation; Envied Outgroup; Microaggressions; Model Minority; Perpetual Foreigner

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Acupuncture in the Quality of Life of Rheumatoid Arthritis

 

Abstract

Objectives: Health and quality of life (QoL) go hand in hand in the path taken daily by multidisciplinary teams, in health promotion and disease prevention, in search of the patient’s overall satisfaction. This study evaluates the effect of acupuncture on the QoL of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methodology: Analytical, cross-sectional observational study, analysed 50 patients outlining 3 hypotheses to observe interactions: H1, acupuncture has a mediating effect on QoL assessment; H2, disease activity score (DAS28 CRP) is influenced by acupuncture and H3, QoL and RA disease activity are related

Results: QoL is favorably influenced by acupuncture, with a mean value after complementary acupuncture treatment (tcA) higher than at baseline, assuming a significance level of 0.05. Acupuncture is also a positive mediator in reducing disease activity, achieving 44% of patients in remission and no patients with high disease activity after treatment. It was observed that there is a slight constructive trend in the relationship between QoL and disease intensity, in patients under tcA

Conclusion: The treatment of RA with optimization of QoL and reduction of disease intensity is the most clinically aspired goal, which requires disease management and the offer of therapeutic suggestions able to reach the targets more effectively and efficiently. Acupuncture seems to play an important role when complemented to the already established therapeutic attitudes, in order to achieve the objectives

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Pandemic Scenario in India: A Review

Abstract

The COVID-19 has made many a change in daily livelihood of us. We are the present generation who has witnessed a pandemic in their lifetimes. In this context it is very much relevant to get an idea about any kind of remedial procedures were discussed or mentioned in literature down the ancient history of India. India is mother of ancient civilization. There are various discoverers which were made by Indian scientists in ancient times and now these are recognized by modern science. Amongst them most important is ayurveda. In present years, the herbal ameliorating role of ayurveda in various kinds of diseases is accepted by the modern scientific and/ medical personnel. In this quest I have made some survey of literature (both online and offline). Based upon the available information the present review was designed. I divided my study in two parts. In the beginning, we will look into the occurrence of pandemics in ancient India. Second, we will put some light regarding the remedial procedures and /measures taken to stop the spread of pandemic mentioned in ayurveda. In this regard, I have got very interesting results. I noted occurrence of pandemic in India times back to B.C.E and this was prevalent in 19th century as well. For prevention of this pandemic number of measures are mentioned in ayurveda including quarantine, isolation, home isolation etc. As part of remedial measures, boosting up of immunity, reframing and refreshing of metabolic systems of body, different tests and methods for enhancing lung capacity, physical mobility (in forms of yoga and meditation) is prescribed as non-invasive methods. Thus, present study will encompass the rich cultural as well as scientific heritage of ancient India.

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Effects Of Forest Bathing (Forest Therapy) And Diaphragmatic Deep Breathing Exercise on Pre- Hypertensive/Hypertensive Adults in Hong Kong: A Quasi- Experimental Feasibility Study

 

Abstract

This study aimed to examine and compare therapeutic effectiveness between forest bathing (FB) and diaphragmatic deep breathing exercise (DDBE) in middle-aged adults with pre-hypertension or hypertension in Hong Kong. Four sessions each of FB and DDBE were conducted among eligible participants in a country park (n=21) and a quiet room (n=12), respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), mood states, and state and trait anxiety levels were measured before (baseline) and immediate before and after each intervention, and eight weeks post intervention. After four consecutive weeks of intervention, the FB group achieved a significant decrease in SBP 7.4 mmHg and a significant reduce in the scores of state anxiety level of 11.5, trait anxiety levels of 6.4, the total mood states of 14.8, tension-anxiety of 3.2, depression of 2.0, fatigue of 4.1, anger of 2.3 and confusion of 2.0. DDBE intervention showed no effect on lowering SBP, DBP and PR, but it showed a significant decrease in the scores of state anxiety level of 8.0, trait anxiety level 6.2, total mood states 9.0, tension-anxiety 1.6 and confusion 1.8. FB was more effective in lowering SBP, state and trait anxiety levels, and improving negative mood, while DDBE was more effective in decreasing PR. At eight weeks after intervention, only FB had a significant sustained effect on lowering PR of 6.9 beats/ min. These findings provide preliminary evidence that FB is more effective than DDBE in lowering SBP and anxiety levels in the study population.

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Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Healthcare

 

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is globally emerging as a logistic tool in digital technology and depicts its wide range of relevance in preventive medicine and its management. Smart Hospitals or Hospital 4.0 is a basic need for today’s scenario seeking to COVID 19. [1] Coronavirus has become epidemic and claim for imperative medical supplies, medicines along with the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies which can block the virus particles. Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) known as the fourth industrial revolution served to be at rest during COVID-19 crunch. IIoT has assassinated the demands of individualized face conceal, mitten and enabled to conduct all relevant research and assisted to provide the data immediately for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Effective upturn off wearables and sensors (like Apple Watch, MI Band) has escort a new generation of telemedicine, where patients could be cared virtually by hospital staff. The employment of these technologies would help people to get [2] enlighten regarding their wellbeing. These smart manufacturing technologies could provide a lot of resourceful brainstorm band-aid to scuffle geographical and global medical emergencies.

The aim of chapter is to through light on the smart system of Industry 4.0 during this pandemic of COVID 19 by providing better digital techniques without imposing the risks to [3] healthcare. This paper overall deals with how AI and Industry 4.0 co-jointly can change the whole scenario of our medical procedures as well as healthcare systems and in addition to that many technologies which are currently helping in the medical field are also being discussed.

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Characterizing Approaches and Research Methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in Chronic Liver Diseases

 

Introduction

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (a.k.a., ZHENG or Zheng-Hou), “in essence, is a characteristic profile of all clinical manifestations that can be identified by a TCM practitioner.” TCM syndrome is the differentiation of the symptoms and signs of patients, reflecting the overall pathological state including the etiology, disease location and pathogenesis of a certain stage of the body during the disease process [1]. As TCM syndrome is the external manifestation of the internal changes associated with the disease, it reflects the overall state of the body and has its own integrity, while the external symptoms and signs are constantly changing with the disease’s occurrence and development, reflecting the complex characteristics of uncertainty and human-made factors.

TCM syndrome differentiation is the process of recognizing syndromes, which then guides the practitioner to determine the corresponding treatment method. Considering the limits to the rational understanding and behavior of both doctors and patients, TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment is a complex, dynamic, nonlinear system. This review aims to summarize three primary approaches to TCM syndrome in the chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including research needs in these areas, as follows:

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Benefit Of Multimedia Rehabilitation - Academy for The Brain as Intense Brain Stimulation in The Treatment of People with ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a syndrome characterized by problems with socialization, communication, and behavior. This syndrome causes the child to present some specific characteristics most of the time, such as difficulty in communication, speech, difficulty in expressing feelings and ideas, they often feel uncomfortable in the presence of people who do not know them and avoid eye contact, in addition to repetitive patterns and stereotyped movements, such as spending a lot of time rocking your body or an object. However, it is not a rule that everyone has the same repetitive patterns, some children have more than others. We know that our brain can be “reprogrammed” at every moment, creating new synaptic connections and promoting neurogenesis (birth of new neurons, mainly in the hippocampus region). Brain plasticity, or neuroplasticity, is the brain’s ability to recover and restructure. This adaptive capacity of the nervous system allows the brain to recover from disorders or injuries. The Multimedia Rehabilitation technique - Brain Gymnastics - Neurofitness promotes intense brain stimulation, where using the computer it is possible to have all areas of the brain exercised simultaneously. Therefore, this is a technique of great worldwide relevance in the intervention and treatment of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where it is possible to promote great stimulation in all areas of the cerebral cortex simultaneously, bringing neurological maturity in a global way, favoring the developing all areas that occur deficits and awakening new skills and talents. 

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Hospice And Palliative Care Services Development in Shanghai

Abstract

Shanghai, a pioneer municipal city in implementing hospice and palliative care (HPC) services in China, has realized its initial goal of universal coverage of either inpatient or home-based HPC services in all community health centers (CHCs) by 2020. However, there are still some bottlenecks during the progress, including low equalization and homogenization of services among different CHCs, and lack of charging items for comprehensive evaluation, alternative therapy, appropriate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technology and humanistic care which are labor-intensive. There is an urgent need to construct and standardize contents and items of HPC services and introduce payment method by service unit to encourage medical staffs to provide HPC services at all levels of care.

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Sickle Cell Anemia Versus Sickle Cell Diseases in Adults

 

Abstract

Background: We tried to understand prevalence and clinical severity of sickle cell anemia (SCA) alone or sickle cell diseases (SCD) with associated alpha- or beta-thalassemias in adults.

Methods: All adults with the SCA or SCD were studied.

Results: The study included 441 patients (215 females). The prevalence of SCA was significantly lower than the SCD in adults (29.0% versus 70.9%, p<0.001). The mean age and female ratio were similar in the SCA and SCD groups (31.2 versus 30.5 years and 52.3% versus 47.2%, p>0.05 for both, respectively). The mean body mass index was similar in both groups, too (21.5 versus 21.7 kg/m2, p>0.05, respectively). On the other hand, the total bilirubin value of the plasma was higher in the SCA, significantly (5.7 versus 4.4 mg/dL, p= 0.000). Whereas the total number of transfused units of red blood cells in their lives was similar in the SCA and SCD groups (43.6 versus 37.1 units, p>0.05, respectively).

Conclusion: The SCA alone and SCD are severe inflammatory processes on vascular endothelium particularly at the capillary level and terminate with an accelerated atherosclerosis and end-organ failures in early years of life. The relatively suppressed hemoglobin S synthesis in the SCD secondary to the associated thalassemia’s may decrease sickle cell-induced chronic endothelial damage, inflammation, edema, fibrosis, and end-organ failures. The lower prevalence of the SCA in adults and the higher total bilirubin value of the plasma in them may indicate the relative severity of hemolytic process, vascular endothelial inflammation, and hepatic involvement in the SCA.

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Acupuncture for Autism Spectrum Disorders

 

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a severe and pervasive heterogeneous neurodevelopment disorder, is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behavioral patterns, and restricted interests. Many aspects of ASD are still debatable, with elusive and complex etiologies, and no effective therapy exists. At present, many studies have verified the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of autism. However, the results should be explained cautiously due to methodological weakness. In order to obtain powerful evidence of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of ASD, it is worth designing a study with higher methodological quality. We summarize the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of ASD. We found the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of ASD is still unclear. On the one hand, due to the complex etiology and biochemical changes of ASD, it is a neurodevelopmental disorder syndrome with a variety of biological factors. On the other hand, there are few basic research on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of ASD. There is still a long way to go to reveal the secret of this mechanism. Acupuncture has a short history in the treatment of autism, but the application of scalp points has achieved remarkable curative effect. There are different kinds of scalp acupuncture therapy in clinic. Thus, we put forward “Xingnao Kaiqiao scalp acupuncture therapy”and bring forth the need for well-designed, rigorous clinical and experimental studies to provide formidable scientific evidence validating the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of ASD.

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The Significance of The Thought of The Unity of Heaven and Man in Traditional Chinese Medicine to The Construction of The Post Epidemic World

 

Abstract

In the post epidemic era, the world is facing more complex economic and ecological crises, human health problems, international conflicts and world security, which force us to reflect on the misunderstanding of human mind: globalization intensifies the gap between the rich and the poor and regional disputes between countries, and developed high technology puts mankind in a more unsafe military threat. Many disasters let us see the weakness of human nature: modern mankind has not established a “spiritual home” matching the “ideal country” of material civilization. While challenging nature, mankind is also destroying the relationship between man and nature, which affects individual health, social order and human destiny. Highly developed modern science and technology and diversified political theories do not give human beings enough ability to repair the sick world and sick society. We need the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine: starting from the causes of diseases to solve social problems. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that to solve health and social problems, we must first establish “heaven man induction” to strengthen human spirit.

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Treatment Performed with The Application of The Multimedia Rehabilitation Technique - Brain Gymnastics, Intense Brain Stimulation to Combat the In Depression, Panic Syndrome, Excessive Anxiety, Disorders and Neurological Sequelae Caused by COVID-19 Affecting the World Population in The Pandemic

 

Abstract

Now is the most important time to look for alternatives and (Figure 1) treatments relevant to mental health care. This article will present the intensive brain stimulation technique Multimedia Rehabilitation, an important and intense “Academy for the Brain”, where diversified computational activities are developed that stimulate the entire brain, increasing synaptic connections and promoting neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons. In addition, there is a regulation and balance in the hormone’s oxytocin, serotonin, dopamine, endorphins responsible for pleasure and happiness. Thus, the individual starts to reprogram his brain to work intensely, seeking to combat the various diagnoses that harm the emotional system, greatly improving their quality of life.

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A Control Study of Calligraphy Training Plus Drug Treatment in The Intervention of Anxiety Disorder

 

Abstract

Background: Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) enhances one’s cognitive, emotional, and physiological functions. Its applications have shown effective improvements in psychological, psychosomatic, behavioral, and clinical disorders, including anxiety symptoms associated with neurosis, depression, schizophrenia, and cancers.

Objectives: We tested the effects of a combined CCH plus Venlafaxine training as a new treatment method, which involved the use of anti-anxiety drugs together with CCH training for a new system of behavioral intervention.

Methods: 60 patients meeting the criterion of CCMD-3 for anxiety disorder were assigned randomly to the Exp Group (N-31) or the Control Group (N-29) for an eight-week protocol. The Exp Group was given both Venlafaxine and the CCH training, whereas the Control Group received only Venlafaxine. Effects were evaluated with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) before and after 2, 4, 8 weeks of treatment, respectively.

Results: The Total Scores of HAMA, SAS, CGI in the Exp Group showed significant improvements after 4 and 8-weeks of the treatment (p<.05). All Pre-Post t-tests for the Exp Group in all three measures reached P<0.01 level, whereas those for the Control Group reached P<0.05 level of significance, both after the 8th week. postt-tests after the 4th week showed P<0.05 for the Exp Group, but not for the Control Group in any of the measures.

Conclusion: Treatment by CCH plus Venlafaxine resulted in better effects than using only Venlafaxine for anxiety disorders. The combined drug and CCH intervention offers effective clinical outcomes

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Calligraphic Handwriting (CCH) Effects on Moods and Anxiety of Type II Diabetes Patients

 

Background

Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases afflicting humans. It is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems (National Institutes of Health, 2008). People who have hypertension can take steps to control it and reduce their risks for related health problems. Key steps include following a healthy lifestyle, having ongoing medical care, and following the treatment plan that the doctor prescribes. Most people who have hypertension will need lifelong treatment. Despite progress in prevention, treatment, and control of high blood pressure, hypertension remains a major public health challenge Whelton, et.al [1].

The etiology of hypertension is multifactorial, involving genetic factors, biophysiological processes, daily experiences throughout life. Some psychosocial factors, such as the Type A behavior pattern, anxiety, and depression, also play a significant role in the etiology of hypertension, which is supported by many epidemiological investigations Krantz, et.al.[2]; Markovitz, et.al.[3]; Spicer et.al. [4]. Yan et.al. [5] followed 3,308 adults with normal blood pressures, ages 18 to 30 years, for fifteen years for the development of high blood pressure. This study gives strong support to the role of psychological characteristics in the development of high blood pressure.

Chinese Calligraphic Handwriting (CCH) is a WHO Fancourt et.al. [6] recognized effective treatment. Its training can enhance the practitioner’s cognitive abilities, relax his bodily conditions, and stabilize his emotions. Its practice in general can also lead to serene, stable, comfortable, and quiet emotional states. These changes are indicated by the participant’s physiological changes. For example, their heart rate slows down, blood pressure decreases, and digital pulse volume also increases with corresponding reduction in EMG. In addition, greater control of breathing takes place during brush writing than do their normal resting breathing, etc. Kao et.al.[7].

Furthermore, long-term calligraphic practice can exert a subtle effect on one’s personality Kao et.al.[8]; Henry et.al.[9]. To examine the effects of calligraphic activities on the traits of human personality, we studied the relationship between CCH writing experience and traits of personality by the factors from the 16- Personality Factors (16 PF) was administrated to in practising adults and children. Results showed that CCH training can shape and change children and adults’ personality to a more mature state, including being more emotionally stable, conscientious, self-sufficient, controlled and with heightened learning ability. On basis of the above observations, we carried out an experiment to see if CCH training would be able to clinically treat hypertensive patients who were comorbid with both the trait of introversion and the traits of Type A personality. We expected that the CCH training would lead to significant reduction in the subjects’ blood pressure to be indexed by the Systolic and Diastolic blood pressures.

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Abstract

Background

Chinese Calligraphic Handwriting (CCH), a WHO (2019) recognized effective treatment, enhances our cognitive abilities, relaxed bodily conditions and stabilized emotions. It has successfully treated the emotion-related anxieties and the moods that are associated with several diseases and disorders. The present study tested this intervention on Diabetes patients.

Method

16 type II diabetes patients and 16 healthy subjects participated. Each group performed both the CCH tasks of brush handwriting of Chinese characters and the brush drawing of geometric patterns. The Chinese versions of STAI and POMS measured the effects of brush writing and brush drawing tasks. on the participants. Both scales were administered to all participants before and after a 40-minute training session.

Findings

The patients group significantly improved on Pre-Post measures of the STAI in both the brush writing (F= 11.97; p=0.004) and brush drawing (F=14.08, p=0.002) tasks. However, the healthy subjects group also showed similarly a pre-post significant effects on the STAI scores from the brush writing (F = 32.02; p = 0.000) and the drawing tasks (F= 14.05, p=0.002).

Moreover, both groups showed a significant reduction in the postforms states of Tension-Anxiety, Depressed-Dejection and Confusion-Bewilderment in the brush writing task (P<0.001), but only Tension-Anxiety and Depressed-Dejection in the brush drawing tasks (P<0,001), The reduction in each case from the patient groups is greater than that from the healthy subject’s group (0.001).

Interpretation

The Brush Writing and Brush Drawing as treatments have shown significant improvements in STAI and some POMS states of the practicing Type II diabetes patients.

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