Characterizing Approaches and Research Methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in Chronic Liver Diseases

 

Introduction

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (a.k.a., ZHENG or Zheng-Hou), “in essence, is a characteristic profile of all clinical manifestations that can be identified by a TCM practitioner.” TCM syndrome is the differentiation of the symptoms and signs of patients, reflecting the overall pathological state including the etiology, disease location and pathogenesis of a certain stage of the body during the disease process [1]. As TCM syndrome is the external manifestation of the internal changes associated with the disease, it reflects the overall state of the body and has its own integrity, while the external symptoms and signs are constantly changing with the disease’s occurrence and development, reflecting the complex characteristics of uncertainty and human-made factors.

TCM syndrome differentiation is the process of recognizing syndromes, which then guides the practitioner to determine the corresponding treatment method. Considering the limits to the rational understanding and behavior of both doctors and patients, TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment is a complex, dynamic, nonlinear system. This review aims to summarize three primary approaches to TCM syndrome in the chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including research needs in these areas, as follows:

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